The most convenient form of long-distance transportation in Italy is the train. If you'll be visiting more than one location within the country, don't try to drive or fly. You can get to most major and many minor destinations by train in one or two stops. Check timetables and buy tickets on Raileurope.com.

Be aware that this is a two-tier system. There is a base charge for the ticket itself, and then an optional additional charge for a seat reservation - available only on some particular trains. If you're traveling in the middle of summer, or if you have a very specific schedule, I would recommend buying the reservation on top of the ticket. Otherwise, no reservation is necessary. Some routes don't even have the option.

If you'll be using the train for three days or more out of your trip, consider buying the Trenitalia Pass, which you can use as many times as you want for three days out of a given sixty-day period. (You can also add on travel days if you need more.) This pass acts like an unlimited ticket, but any reservations you make will still be at an extra cost.

Automobiles

The biggest question regarding transportation in Italy is no doubt "Should I rent a car?" Fortunately, 98% of travelers will find their answer in this one simple rule: If you're staying in a city - do not rent a car!

Italian cities are very compact and pedestrian-friendly... which renders them almost impossible to navigate by car. Large portions of Rome and Florence are even off-limits to private transportation. Finding parking is also more trouble than it's worth, so don't even bother. If you're basing your trip out of Florence, Rome, Venice (good luck with a car there!), or another major Italian city, renting a car is pointless. For day trips, use local busses, trains, and taxi services.

If, however, you are staying in the countryside or in a Tuscan hill town, the answer is yes, do rent a car! You'll want one in these rural areas to get groceries and explore.